1	Evanston Police Department Traffic Stop Data Analysis 2004
2	Outline of Presentation Introduction EPD Responses – Before and After the Law Result of 2004 Traffic Stops Next Steps
3	"PART I" PART I INTRODUCTION
4	Background July 18, 2003 – Governor Blagojevich signs Senate Bill into law - Establishes four-year statewide study To collect data on traffic stops To identify racial bias Began January 1, 2004 Illinois Department of Transportation to collect and compile data Northwestern University – Center for Public Safety will conduct the analysis: First Report is due July 2005
5	Public Act 93-0209 Requires the following data collection All traffic stops where a citation is issued All traffic stops where a warning citation is issued All traffic stops for an alleged violation of the Illinois Motor Vehicle Code
6	INFORMATION REQUIRED Name, address, gender and officer’s subjective determination of race; Alleged traffic violation leading to the stop; Make and year of the vehicle; Date and time of the stop; Location of the stop;
7	INFORMATION REQUIRED Whether there was a search of: The vehicle The driver The passenger(s) The basis for each search (i.e. consent or otherwise) Name and badge number of the issuing officer
8	DETERMINATION OF RACE Officer must determine race from the following alternatives: Caucasian African-American Hispanic Native American/Alaska Native Asian/Pacific Islander
9	COLLECTION FORMAT Data must be compiled on a Standardized Form. EPD developed own Form. Data sent to Illinois Department of Transportation
10	DATA FORM
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12	QUESTIONS To what extent, if any, does a driver’s race influence an officer’s decision to stop a vehicle for a traffic violation? To what extent, if any, does race influence what happens after the stop? Does race influence disposition? Does race influence the decision to search the vehicle and/or the driver?
13	"PART II EPD RESPONSE" PART II EPD RESPONSE Prior to January 1, 2004 After January 1, 2004
14	COMMUNITY OUTREACH Evanston Police Department developed a presentation on the new law. This presentation reviewed the law and discussed the issues The purpose of these presentations was to give the community an overview of the law and what to expect Presentation was, and is, available on website and library Presentation was made to numerous groups, e.g., Evanston Citizen Police Association, Human Relations Commission Highlights articles – Winter 2003
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16	QUESTIONS RAISED DURING PRESENTATIONS Will traffic stops take longer? What will be done with the collected information? Who gets it? How can race be determined? Why isn’t race compatible with census categories.
17	DEPARTMENT INITIATIVES Policy on bias based profiling in place January 7, 2002. Implemented before a law. General Order 1.16, Policy states: Profiling based solely on a common group trait is strictly prohibited. Members of the Evanston Police Department will respect and protect all legal and civil rights of all persons with whom they come in contact.
18	DEPARTMENT INITIATIVES Policy on conducting traffic stops – General Order 14.6 Policy on complaints – General Order 4.1 Policy on Mobile Video Recorders – General Order 14.23
19	DEPARTMENT INITIATIVES Worked with police officers, unions, supervisors to develop policy and procedures regarding the law. Pilot tested a data collection form in October, November, and December of 2003 Developed and implemented Special Order 03-73 – Data Collection Policy & Procedure
20	DEPARTMENT INITIATIVES Conducted In-Service training to officers and supervisors during October and November, 2003 Hired additional Records personnel to perform data entry Data Collection Form – Police officers recommended to collect additional data Evanston Police Department established a system to do our own analysis of data Supervisors rode with police officers to monitor traffic stop process.
21	DEPARTMENT INITIATIVES Participated in a statewide committee on this issue. e.g. Illinois Association of Chiefs of Police, Illinois Training Board, Institute for Public Safety Partnership, Fraternal Order of Police, etc.
22	"After January 1" After January 1, 2004 What have we done after implementation of the law?
23	After January 1, 2004 Supervisors spot-check CADS records with Data Collection Forms Supervisors monitor stops 2004 – Office of Professional Standards monitors complaints – one complaint filed Monitor data and submit data to IDOT
24	"Joined with the Institute for..." Joined with the Institute for Public Safety Partnership (IPSP) to conduct an additional analysis. Based out of the University of Illinois – Chicago Only eleven communities involved Evanston Police Department data was used as a sample agency for other departments.
25	"Conducted traffic flow studies with..." Conducted traffic flow studies with Seat Belt Enforcement and Roadside Safety Checks to identify Evanston’s driver population.
26	"October 2004 issued a nine-month..." October 2004 issued a nine-month report to all personnel regarding their personal stop data Staff attended numerous seminars on collection efforts, e.g. Illinois Association of Chief’s of Police, Northwestern Center for Public Safety, Northwest Police Academy, Illinois Department of Transportation
27	"PART III RESULTS OF DATA..." PART III RESULTS OF DATA COLLECTION FOR 2004
28	"Evanston Police Department commitment to..." Evanston Police Department commitment to community to distribute and discuss first year’s results
29	"Northwestern University Center for Public..." Northwestern University Center for Public Safety Analysis What will the Report Look Like? Report will: Identify the ratio of traffic stops between Caucasian vs. minority drivers in each jurisdiction Compare the ratio to an established benchmark Compare the outcome of the stop for Caucasians vs. minority drivers Compare consent search for Caucasian vs. minority drivers
30	BENCHMARKS Help us understand the demographics of the driving population
31	BENCHMARKS Established benchmarks for each jurisdiction Included persons 15 years and older Two levels – community and county In Cook County – use court district For communities that border – both may be used For example, we know Chicago counts at least 1/3 of our traffic stops.
32	"Three non-benchmarked items" Three non-benchmarked items: reason, disposition, search by caucasian/minority Focus on consent searches Adjusted census benchmark based on community, county or judicial district (Cook County) NUCPS will indicate where differences exist. NUCPS will not claim that these differences indicate the presence of racial profiling. The presence of a difference does not indicate racial profiling.
33	ANALYSIS One statewide analysis and an analysis of every participating agency No individual officer level analysis Modeled largely on other statewide systems, particularly Missouri
34	"EVANSTON" EVANSTON DATA - 2004
35	"Evanston Police Department Traffic Stops..." Evanston Police Department Traffic Stops - 2004 Caucasian 51.8% Minority 48.2%
36	"NUCPS Benchmark" NUCPS Benchmark* Caucasian 52.5% Minority 47.5% Note: Original benchmark issued was modified since Evanston is a border community to the City of Chicago. After a review of the initial data, it was determined that the driving population from Chicago should be included in the benchmark.
37	"Comparison" Comparison EPD NUCPS Benchmark Caucasian 51.8 52.5 Minority 48.2 47.5
38	"The ratio between stops by..." The ratio between stops by the Evanston Police Department and the NUCPS’ Benchmark is 1 to 1. The likelihood of minority drivers being stopped is equal to their presence in the driving population.
39	EPD vs. Cook County Benchmark Cook County EPD Benchmark_ Caucasian 51.8% 52.2% Minority 48.2% 47.8% The ratio between stops by EPD and the Cook County Benchmark is 1 to 1. The likelihood of minority drivers being stopped is equal to their presence in the driving population.
40	Reason for Stop Caucasian Minority Moving Violation 76.1% 65.0% Equipment 7.6% 15.8% License/Registration 16.3% 19.2%
41	Outcome of Stop Caucasian Minority Citation 75.9% 72.9% Written Warning 20.1% 22.7% Verbal Warning 4.0% 4.4%
42	Consent Searches Stops Consent Searches Caucasian 6,238 17 0.3% Minority 5,801 59 1.0% Total 12,039 76 0.6% Consent searches are exceptionally low! Out of 12,039 Stops only 76 occur. This is not a significant number.
43	CONCLUSION Very little difference between Benchmarks and stops – Ratio equals 1. What does this mean? Evanston Police Department stops reflects the driving population in Evanston.
44	ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS Evanston Police Department collected more data.
45	BEATS VS. STOPS Stops by Beat Beat 71 13.5% Beat 72 15.8% Beat 73 18.5% Beat 74 12.0% Beat 75 9.7% Beat 76 9.8% Beat 77 10.5% Beat 78 10.1% Total 100.0%
46	STOPS BY RESIDENCE Stops by Residence Evanston 36.5% Chicago 31.9% Wilmette 2.5% Skokie 5.2% Other 23.9% 100.0% Evanston is a place of destination!
47	OFFICER ACTIVITY Routine Patrol 74.4% Radar 15.5% High Accident Location 0.3% Assignment from Dispatch 0.2% Police Activity Planning Bulletin 1.0% Department Mission/Tactical Plan 0.1% Special Watch Bulletin 0.1% Special Traffic Enforcement 8.2%
48	"PART IV" PART IV NEXT STEPS
49	"Review each Police Officer’s personal..." Review each Police Officer’s personal data Continue to analyze data Review Consent Searches Define Officer Activity